Rosh Hashanah 24

Chapter 24

א משתבא השמש אין תורמין ומעשרין מזה על זה לפי שאין תורמין ומעשרין לא מן החדש על הישן ולא מן הישן על החדש אם היתה שניה נכנסת לשלישית שניה מעשר ראשון ומעשר שני שלישית מעשר ראשון ומעשר עני
1 after sunset, terumah<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Glos.');"><sup>1</sup></span> and tithe are not given from one lot for another, because terumah and tithe are not given from the new for the old nor from the old for the new.
ב מנה"מ אמר ריב"ל (דברים כו, יב) כי תכלה לעשר את כל מעשר תבואתך בשנה השלישית שנת המעשר שנה שאין בה אלא מעשר אחד הא כיצד מעשר ראשון ומעשר עני ומעשר שני יבטל
2 If it was at the meeting point of the second and third years<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'if the second entered into the third'. In the second year a tithe was taken to Jerusalem to be consumed there; in the third year a tithe was given to the poor, but not taken to Jerusalem. The first tithe which went to the Levites was given every year. v. infra.');"><sup>2</sup></span> [of the septennial cycle], from that [which is plucked in] the second year first and second tithe<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., tithe of the Levites and tithe for Jerusalem.');"><sup>3</sup></span>
ג או אינו אלא אף מעשר ראשון נמי יבטל ת"ל (במדבר יח, כו) ואל הלוים תדבר ואמרת אליהם כי תקחו מאת בני ישראל את המעשר אשר נתתי לכם מאתם בנחלתכם הקישו הכתוב לנחלה מה נחלה אין לה הפסק אף מעשר ראשון אין לו הפסק
3 [have to be given], [and from that which was plucked in] the third year, first tithe and the tithe of the poor. Whence this rule? - R'Joshua B'Levi says: [It is written], When thou hast made an end of tithing all the tithe of thine increase in the third year, which is the year of the tithe.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Deut. XXVI, 12.');"><sup>4</sup></span>
ד (תניא אידך) כי תכלה לעשר וגו' שנה שאין בה אלא מעשר אחד הא כיצד מעשר ראשון ומעשר עני ומעשר שני יבטל יכול אף מעשר ראשון נמי יבטל ת"ל (דברים יד, כט) ובא הלוי כל זמן שבא תן לו דברי ר' יהודה
4 This means the year in which there is only one tithe.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., one of the two regular tithes.');"><sup>5</sup></span> How is then one to act?
ה רבי אליעזר בן יעקב אומר אינו צריך הרי הוא אומר ואל הלוים תדבר ואמרת אליהם כי תקחו מאת בני ישראל את המעשר אשר נתתי לכם מאתם בנחלתכם הקישו הכתוב לנחלה מה נחלה אין לה הפסק אף מעשר ראשון אין לו הפסק:
5 [He gives] the first tithe and the tithe of the poor, and the second tithe is omitted. Is this correct, or should the first tithe also be omitted? - [Not so], because it says, Moreover thou shalt speak unto the Levites and say unto them, When ye take of the children of Israel the tithe which I have given you from them for your inheritance.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Num. XVIII, 26.');"><sup>6</sup></span>
ו ולנדרים וכו' ת"ר המודר הנאה מחבירו לשנה מונה שנים עשר חודש מיום ליום ואם אמר לשנה זו אפילו לא עמד אלא בעשרים ותשעה באלול כיון שהגיע יום אחד בתשרי עלתה לו שנה
6 The text here compares the tithe [of the Levites] to an inheritance, [to signify that] just as an inheritance is to be held uninterruptedly, so their tit to be given without interruption. It has been taught to the same effect: 'When thou hast made an end of tithing etc.'
ז אפי' למאן דאמר יום אחד בשנה אינו חשוב שנה לצעוריה נפשיה קביל עליה והא אצטער ליה
7 [This means] a year in which there is only one tithe. How is one to act?
ח ואימא ניסן בנדרים הלך אחר לשון בני אדם
8 [He gives] first tithe an tithe of the poor, and the second tithe is omitted. Should perhaps the first tithe also be omitted? - [Not so], because it says, and the Levite shall come,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Deut. XIV, 29.');"><sup>7</sup></span>
ט תנן התם התלתן משתצמח התבואה והזיתים משיביאו שליש
9 which means to say, every time he comes give him.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the third year also.');"><sup>8</sup></span> So R'Judah.
י מאי משתצמח משתצמח לזרעים
10 R'Eliezer B'Jacob says: We have no need [to appeal to this text].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' R. Eliezer apparently was not completely satisfied with the proof from this text, because it speaks of the Levite as in the category of the poor.');"><sup>9</sup></span> It says, Moreover thou shalt speak unto the Levites and say unto them, When ye take from the children of Israel the tithe which I have given you from them for your inheritance.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Num. XVIII, 26.');"><sup>10</sup></span>
יא התבואה והזיתים משיביאו שליש מנה"מ אמר רב אסי א"ר יוחנן ומטו בה משמיה דרבי יוסי הגלילי אמר קרא (דברים לא, י) מקץ שבע שנים במועד שנת השמטה בחג הסוכות שנת השמטה מאי עבידתיה בחג הסוכות שמינית היא
11 The text here compares the tithe to an inheritance, to signify that just as a inheritance is held uninterruptedly, so the tithe is to be given without interruption. AND FOR VOWS.
יב אלא לומר לך כל תבואה שהביאה שליש בשביעית לפני ראש השנה אתה נוהג בו מנהג שביעית בשמינית
12 Our Rabbis taught: If one is interdicted by vow to have no benefit from another person for a year, he reckons twelve months from day to day. If he said 'for this year', then even if he made the vow on the twenty-ninth of Elul, as soon as the first of Tishri arrives a year is completed for him; and this even o the view of those who say that one day in a year is not counted as a year.
יג אמר ליה ר' זירא לרב אסי
13 For he undertook to mortify himself, and he has mortified himself. But why not say [that his year ends in] Nisan? - In respect of vows, follow the ordinary use of language.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And men ordinarily talk of the year as beginning in Tishri.');"><sup>11</sup></span> We have learnt elsewhere: 'Fenugrec<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Or 'fenugreek', a leguminous plant allied to clover.');"><sup>12</sup></span> [becomes liable to tithe] from the time when it grows;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., its year is determined by the time of its growth and not of its gathering, as in the case of vegetables. vtuc,v');"><sup>13</sup></span> produce<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' It is a question whether this includes grapes or not. V. Tosaf. jnm,an');"><sup>14</sup></span> and olives, from the time when they have grown a third'. What is meant by 'from the time when it grows'? - From the time when it grows sufficiently for resowing.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. Tosaf. s.v. .');"><sup>15</sup></span> 'Produce and olives from the time when they are a third grown'. Whence this rule? - R'Assi said in the name of R'Johanan (some trace it back to the name of R'Jose the Galilean) : Scripture says: At the end of every seven years, in the set time of the year of release, the feast of Tabernacles.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Deut. XXXI, 10. dvbn');"><sup>16</sup></span> Now how comes the year of release to be mentioned here? The feast of Tabernacles is already the eighth year? It is in fact to intimate to us that if produce has grown a third in the seventh year before New Year, the rules of the seventh year are to be applied to it in the eighth year.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Tosaf. (s.v.) points out that this would seem to come under the rule already given above of adding from the profane on to the holy, and answers that from this verse we should learn only that the produce if harvested must be treated as seventh-year produce e.g.. in respect of trading interest, but not that it is forbidden to harvest it.');"><sup>17</sup></span> Said R'Zera to R'Assi: